Hardware Composition of Computer 1 The Development Course of Computer When did the world's first computer come out?What's the name? 1940 United States ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer) When did the first computer come into being in China? In 1958, the Institute of Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed the first computer 103 in China, marking the birth of the first computer in China. 1 The Development Course of Computer First Generation: The Computer Period of Electronic Tubes from 1940s to 1957 Second Generation: Transistor Computer Period 1957-1964 Third Generation: Computer Period of Small and Medium Scale Integrated Circuits from 1964 to 1970 Fourth Generation: Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuit Era after 1971 2 The Development Course of Computer Electronic tube computer: Large volume, large power consumption, slow speed, small storage capacity, poor reliability, difficult maintenance and expensive.Computers in this era are mainly used in scientific computing. Transistor computers: The transistor can not only realize the function of the electronic tube, but also has the advantages of small size, light weight, long life, high efficiency, fewer heat and low power consumption compared with the electronic tube. Small and Medium Scale Integrated Circuit Computer: Small and medium-sized integrated circuits become the main components of computers, which makes the computer smaller in size, greatly reduces the power consumption of computer calculation, and further improves the VLSI computer: The volume of the computer is further reduced and its performance is further improved.The application of microcomputers in society has been further expanded, and the "figure" of computers can be seen in almost all fields. 1 The Development of Computer Fifth Generation Computer The fifth generation computer is an intelligent computer system which combines information collection, storage, processing, communication and artificial intelligence.It can carry out numerical calculation or process general information. It is mainly oriented to knowledge processing. It has the ability of formal reasoning, association, learning and interpretation. It can help people to make judgments, make decisions, open up unknown areas and acquire new knowledge.Man-machine can exchange information directly through natural language (voice, text) or graphics and images. 2 computer system computer system  硬件系统   软件系统 Generally speaking, hardware is a device that can be seen and touched. All kinds of programs, data and so on are needed when the computer runs. 4 Five Basic Structures of Computer Controller Control program execution Arithmetic unit Complete data processing storage Memory programs and data input device Input data and programs output device Output processing results 3  Input/Output Device Input and output devices are the components to realize the interconnection between human and computer.Its main function is to realize manmachine dialogue, input and output, and various forms of data transformation. Input device: The device that inputs information into a computer is the input device. Keyboard, mouse, handwriting board, microphone, camera, scanner Output device: The device that converts the electrical signals inside the computer into various forms that people can recognize, such as text, sound, image and so on, and displays them is the output device. Display, printer, speaker, plotter, image output system storage 5 Memory is a memory device in a computer, which is used to store information such as program, input data, intermediate running results and final running results.  Memory memory (main memory)  ））））））））   ）））））） storage External memory (auxiliary memory) RAM） ROM ） 6 Memory capacity Practice: View the computer's memory capacity (memory and external memory). The basic units of a computer: Computer storage units are generally represented by B, KB, MB, GB and TB.The smallest unit of storage: byte. The relationship between computer storage units is as follows: 1024 B = 1024 KB; 1024 KB = 1 MB; 1024 MB = 1 GB 7 Central Processor Unit (CPU) A central processor 运算器 控制器 Make the computer perform arithmetic and logic operations Command the computer components to coordinate their work step by step 8 Classroom summary One The Development Course of Computer Two Five Basic Structures of Computer Three Unit and Conversion of Memory Capacity 9 Tha