Grammatical Summary of New Concept English Volume 1 (Part I) [Eight Tenses] New Concept-A Grammatical Summary (Part I) The present tense, the present continuous tense, the past tense and the present perfect tense. General Future Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Past Future Tense 1. General present tense Express general, regular actions or general facts. Sentences with be verbs He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. Move the be verb to the beginning of the sentence Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? ★变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. Positive Answer and Negative Answer Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Sentences without verbs, that is, sentences with general verbs Third Person Singular and Singular Nouns He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. Does is added at the beginning of the sentence and the verb becomes the prototype. Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones? ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加 doesn't, 动词变为原型 He doesn't like books. She doesn't like him. The dog does't like bones. Positive and negative answers: Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. Yes, she does. No, she does't Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. Note: The singular form of the third person usually adds S after the verb. Don't confuse it with the plural of the noun. There is no change in the plural of the noun when the negative or interrogative sentence is changed. Other Persons and Plural Nouns I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. Add do at the beginning of the sentence Do you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers? ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加 don't. You don't want to have a bath. We don't have any meat. The students don't like smart teachers. Positive Answer and Negative Answer Yes, I do. No, I don't. Yes, we do. No, we don't Yes, they do. No, they don't. 2. Present Continuous Tense Represents what is going on now. Composition: Subject + be verb + present participle of verb + other components (see appendix for the composition of present participle) We are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. Move the be verb to the beginning of the sentence Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? ★变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch. He is not reading a book. The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. Special questions: what, which, how, where, who, etc. Interrogative + Verb + subject + present participle What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? (must be) Verbs without progressive tense Verbs expressing states, thoughts, feelings and feelings do not express ongoing actions. 1. Words expressing feelings and senses See, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, have when "own" is not carried on 3. General Past Tense An action or event occurring in the past is often used in conjunction with an adverbial of time expressing the past, such as yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago. Sentences with be verbs change verbs into past tenses. The past tenses of AM and is are are. I was at the butcher's. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. Move the be verb to the beginning of the sentence. Were you at the butcher's? Were you a student a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? ★变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butcher's. You were not a student a year ago. The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. Positive Answer and Negative Answer Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. Special questions: What did you do? (must be) In sentences that do not contain be verbs, change the verb into the past tense. See appendix for the composition of the past tense of the verb. I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant. The Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago. King Streeta year ago. The verb becomes the prototype after adding did at the beginning of the sentence. Did you finish your homework yesterday? Did the boy go to a restaurant? Did the Sawyers live at King Str