[Every possum ]x was brown. [Every possum ]x x was brown. A x possum(x) brown(x) A x possum(x) --> brown(x) ==================================== John ate [a sandwich]x [a sandwich]x John ate x E x sandwich(x) eat(j, x) E x sandwich(x) & eat(j, x) ========================================= [A young woman]x was speaking. [A young woman] x was speaking. [A young woman] speak(x) E x woman(x) & young(x) speak(x) E x [woman(x) & young(x) & speak(x)] ============================================ Kerry filled [all the gaps] [all the gaps] Kerry filled x [all the gaps] fill(k, x) A x gap(x) fill(k, x) A x gap(x) --> fill(k, x) Every guest thanked Jones A x gap(x) --> fill(k, x) 2a. There was a black hat on the bed E x[ hat(x) &black(x) & on(x, the bed)] 2 All roads lead to Rome. [All roads]x x leads to Rom A x road(x) lead-to(x, Rome) A x[ road(x) --> lead-to(x, Rome)] A x [(road(x) → lead-to(x, Rome)] Utopia welcomes all travelers from Spain Utopia welcomes [all travelers from Spain] [all travelers from Spain] Utopia welcomes x Ax (traveler(x) & from(x, Spain)) welcome(Utopia, x) Ax [(traveler(x) & from(x, Spain)) --> welcome(Utopia, x)] Ax [traveler(x) --> from(x, Spain) & welcome(Utopia, x)] Clive got murdered. <===> Some one murdered Clive. [Some one] murdered Clive. [Some one] Ex x murdered Clive. murder(x, Clive) Jones read every book in the library. Jones read [every book in the library] [every book in the library] Jones read x [every book in the library] read(j,x) A x (book(x) & in( x , the library) ) read(j,x) A x (book(x) & in( x , the library) ) --> read(j,x) ============ Reading 1 Clive gave [every child ] [ a biscuit or batman-comic] Clive gave [every child ]y [ a biscuit or batman-comic]x ** [every child ]y [ a biscuit or batman-comic]x Clive gave x to y [every child ]y [ a biscuit or batman-comic]x give(C,x,y) [every child ]y Ex biscuit(x) \/ batman-comic(x) give(C,x,y) A y [child(y) --> (Ex (biscuit(x) \/ batman-comic(x) ) & give(C,x,y)) ] ======== Reading 2 ** [ a biscuit or batman-comic]x [every child ]y Clive gave x to y Ex (biscuit(x) \/ batman-comic(x) ) & A y [child(y) --> give(C,x,y)) ] ======== There's no business like show business. show-business(x) ==> treating show business as a predicate!!! show business ==> sb treating show business as a roper noun no ==> ~ Ex ~ Ex business(x) & "x is like show business" ~ Ex [business(x) & like(x, sb)]