Knowledge Points Collection of Building Fire Prevention 1. The causes of building fires are as follows:Electrical fire, production and operation fire, inadvertent use of fire in daily life, smoking, playing with fire, arson and spontaneous combustion, lightning, static electricity, etc. 2. The hazards of building fires are mainly manifested in:It endangers people's lives, causes economic losses, destroys the achievements of civilization, and affects social stability. 3. General layout requirements include: (1) Choosing a reasonable building location; (2) Rationally dividing production area, storage area (including open storage area), production auxiliary facilities area, administrative office and living and welfare area, etc. (3) Reasonably determine the fire safety distance between various buildings, yards, storage tanks, power facilities and power lines; (4) Setting up necessary fire passages, water sources and working surfaces. 4. Fire protection of building structures: (1) Increase the section area of the component appropriately; (2) Increasing the thickness of protective layer for reinforced concrete members; (3) Coating fire-proof coatings on the surface of components as fire-proof protective coatings; (4) Fire-resistant ceiling and fire protection coating for steel beams, steel roof trusses and wood structures. 5. Fire prevention of building materials: (1) Controlling the number of combustibles in building materials and flame retardant treatment of combustible materials; (2) Material in contact with electrical circuits or heating objects shall be made of non-flammable materials or treated with flame retardant. (3) Non-combustible materials are used in vertical passages such as staircases, pipeline wells and passages for evacuation. 6. Fire partition: (1) Horizontal fire protection zones use partitions such as firewalls, fire roll curtains, fire doors and fire water curtains. (2) Vertical fire protection zoning, using fire-proof eaves outside buildings, setting window sills (interior) walls, etc. (3) Open stairs, escalators, atriums and pipeline wells to take fire prevention measures. 7. Safe evacuation: (1) Fire protection zones shall have at least two safety exits; (2) The evacuation route must meet the walking limit from the farthest point of the room to the door, from the door to the nearest safe exit or staircase. (3) Two-way evacuation is adopted in the direction of evacuation, and the exit of evacuation is distributed to reduce the setting of bag walkway. (4) Suitable form of evacuation staircase, staircase should be a safe area, the entrance should be equipped with self-closing fire doors; (5) The stairwell leading to the basement shall not be connected with the staircase on the ground. If it must be connected, firewalls shall be used to separate the staircase and access it through the fire door. (6) Evacuation width ensures no congestion and provides guidance for evacuees. 8. Smoke control and exhaust: Rational division of smoke control zones and selection of reasonable smoke control and smoke exhaust modes. 9. Building Explosion-proof and Electrical Fire-proof Safe, reliable, economical and reasonable fire prevention technical measures are adopted for building electric load, power supply and distribution, electrical equipment, electrical lines and their installation and laying. 10. The main indicators for assessing the risk of gas fire are explosion limit and spontaneous ignition point. 11. Flash point is the main index for evaluating the danger of liquid fire.(The most direct index for evaluating the fire risk of flammable liquid is vapor pressure. The higher the vapor pressure, the more volatile it is and the lower the flash point is. However, because vapor pressure is difficult to measure, the risk of flammable liquid fire is determined by the flash point of liquid all over the world. 12. The melting point and ignition point are the main indicators for evaluating the fire risk of solid fires. 13. Fire hazard characteristics of C, D and E storage items: Class C.Including flammable liquids and solid substances with flash point above 60 C or 60 C.Characteristics: The flash point of liquid is high, and it is not easy to volatilize. The fire risk is smaller than that of class A and B liquids. Ding category.It refers to hard-to-burn items.Characteristic: When exp